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AR04 15

L161 O-1096

Bats from Guerrero^ Jalisco and Oaxaca^ Mexico

Luis de la Torre
Associate, Division of Mammals

This paper is based on a small collection of bats made by the
author in Guerrero and Oaxaca from July 22 to August 5, 1952, and
in Jalisco from December 7 to 11, 1954. The primary objective
of this collecting was to obtain additional specimens of Sturnira to
be used for a systematic review of that genus. In sampling caves
and other likely habitats, representatives of fourteen species of bats
were collected, including the first series to be taken of Enchisthenes
harti.

I am indebted to Miss Barbara Lawrence, Museum of Com-
parative Zoology, and to Dr. E. Raymond Hall, Museum of Natural
History, University of Kansas, for the loan of specimens in their
care; to Mr. R. W. Hayman, British Museum (Natural History),
for comparing specimens of Chilonyderis with the types of C.
psilotis; and to Mr. and Mrs. Loren P. Woods, Chicago Natural
History Museum, for their kindness in making possible my visit
to the interesting Jalisco region. The patient and enthusiastic help
given by my wife, June, in many capacities is also gratefully acknow-
ledged.

LIST OF SPECIES

With the exceptions noted, the specimens from Guerrero and
Oaxaca were taken in caves. Those from Ciudad Guzmdn, Jalisco,
were netted at night in a grove of native, small-fruit Ficus trees.

The measurements given are in millimeters and, unless other-
wise indicated, apply to the entire series. The average measurement,
when given, is followed by the extremes in parentheses.

Balantiopteryx plicata plicata Peters

Balantiopteryx plicata Peters, 1867, Monatsb, Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,
1867: 476.

696

696 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Type ZocaZi^^/.^Puntarenas, Puntarenas, Costa Rica.

Specimens collected. Total 32 (2 skins with skulls, 30 in alcohol) .
Guerrero: 5 mi. NW. of Acapulco (12 males, 14 females); 12 mi.
S. of Mexcala (1 female) . Oaxaca : Tehuantepec (5 young females) .

Measurements. Forearm of males from Acapulco 41.3 (40.0-
43.0), females 42.6 (40.0-46.0); female from Mexcala 41.8.

Chilonycteris rubiginosa mexicana Miller

Chilonyderis mexicana Miller, 1902, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,

54: 401.
C[hilonycteris] p[arnellii] mexicana, Koopman, 1955, Jour. Mamm., 36: 112,

Type locality. San Bias, Nayarit, Mexico.

Specimens collected. Total 8 (2 skins with skulls, 6 in alcohol).
Guerrero: 5 mi. NW. of Acapulco (7 males, 1 female).

Measurements. Forearm of males 57.3 (55.7-58.8), female 59.5.

Remarks. It cannot be established that parnelli Gray 1843 has
priority over rubiginosa Wagner 1843. The issue of the Proceedings
of the Zoological Society of London where the name parnelli first
appears is dated April 11, 1843, as shown by Koopman (Jour.
Mamm., 1955, 36: 111), but the actual date of publication is
October of that year (Duncan, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1937: 79).
The name rubiginosa appears in the Archiv fiir Naturgeschichte
after a paper read in August, but the exact date of publication is not
known. In the absence of conclusive evidence, the better known
and more widely used name rubiginosa should be retained.

Chilonycteris psilotis Dobson

Chilonycteris psilotis Dobson, 1878, Cat. Chirop. Brit. Mus., p. 451. Miller,
1902, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15: 249 Isthmus of Tehuantepec,
Mexico.

Chilonycteris personata, J. A. Allen (not Wagner), 1911, Bull. Amer. Mus.
Nat. Hist., 30: 263. G. M. Allen, 1935, Jour. Mamm., 16: 227. Dalquest
and Hall, 1949, Jour. Mamm., 30: 425. Davis and Russell, 1952, Jour.
Mamm., 33: 234; 1954, op. cit., 35: 67.

Chilonycteris torrei continentis Sanborn, 1938, Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., Univ.
Michigan, no. 373: 1 Laguna de Zotz, Peten, Guatemala (type locality).

Type locality. Here designated as Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Specimens collected. Total 3 (2 skins with skulls, 1 in alcohol).
Guerrero: 5 mi. NW. of Acapulco (3 males).

Measurements. Forearm 42.5, 43.2, 44.0.

DE LA TORRE: BATS FROM MEXICO 697

Remarks. These specimens agree with the type of C. torrei con-
tinentis Sanborn, and with Guatemala specimens that are identical
with the types of psilotis. Additional representatives of psilotis
have been examined from Mexico, Central America, and Venezuela.
Inasmuch as it has not been demonstrated that C. psilotis and the
Brazilian C. personata are conspecific, the name psilotis, rather than
personata, should be used for the small, mainland Chilonycteris.

Pteronotus davyi fulvus Thomas

Chilonycteris davyi fulvus Thomas, 1892, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 10: 410.

Type locality. Las Peiias, Jalisco, Mexico.

Specimens collected. Total 11 (in alcohol). Guerrero: 5 mi.
NW. of Acapulco (9 males, 2 females).

Measurements. Forearm, males 44.1 (43.2-45.5), females 44.0,
45.0.

Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla Peters

Mormops megalophylla Peters. 1864, Monatsb. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,
1864:381.

Type locality. Southern Mexico.

Specimens collected. Total 27 (in alcohol). Guerrero: 5 mi.
NW. of Acapulco (27 males, no females found).
Measurements. Forearm 54.9 (53.0-59.0).

Micronycteris megalotis mexicana Miller

Micronycteris megalotis mexicana Miller, 1898, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila-
delphia, 50: 329.

Type locality. 15 mi. S. of Ciudad Guzman, Platanar, Jalisco,
Mexico.

Specimens collected. 1 (in alcohol). Jalisco: 2 mi. N. of Ciudad
Guzmdn (1 female).

Measurements. Forearm 36.3.

Glossophaga soricina leachi Gray

Monophyllus leachii Gray, 1844, Voyage of the Sulphur, Zool., 1: 18.
Type locality. Realejo, Nicaragua.

Specimens collected. Total 9 (in alcohol). Guerrero: 5 mi.
NW. of Acapulco (6 males, 3 females).

Measurements. Forearm 36.3 (35.0-37.5).

698 FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Remarks. One specimen was taken in a mouse trap baited with
ripe banana,

Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis Saussure

M[=Ischnoglossa] nivalis Saussure, 1860, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris (2), 12: 492.
Leptonycteris nivalis yerhabuenae Martinez and Villa, 1940, An. Inst. Biol.

Univ. Nac. Mexico, 11: 313 Yerbabuena, Guerrero, Mexico (type

locality).

Type locality. Near snow line on Mount Orizaba, Veracruz,
Mexico.

Specimens collected. 1 (in alcohol). Guerrero: 12 mi. S. of
Mexcala (1 male).

Measurements. Forearm 54.0.

Remarks. This specimen, a topotype of yerbabuenae, is in-
distinguishable from a topotype of true nivalis from Orizaba. In
size, it also agrees with specimens from Colima, but is smaller than
those from Nuevo Leon, Texas, and Arizona. A size cline from
North to South is indicated.

Artibeus jamaicensis jamaicensis Leach

Ariibeus jamaicensis Leach, 1821, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13: 75.
Type locality. Jamaica.

Specimens collected. Total 5 (in alcohol). Jalisco: 2 mi. N. of
Ciudad Guzman (3 males, 2 females).

Measurements. Forearm 58.0 (55.5-60.0).

Remarks. All specimens in the series have the third upper molar.

Artibeus cinereus toltecus Saussure

Stenoderma tolteca Saussure, 1860, Rev. Mag. Zool., Paris, (2), 12: 427.

Type locality. Mirador, Veracruz, Mexico.

Specimens collected. Total 8 (in alcohol). JALISCO: 2 mi. N. of
Ciudad Guzman (5 males, 3 females).

Measurements. Forearm 40.0 (37.0-42.0).

Remarks. The palate in two individuals appeared abnormally
wide, and the arrangement of the upper teeth (pi. 30, fig. 1) differed
significantly from the normal condition in Artibeus cinereus (pi. 30,
figs. 4, 5, 6) . Study of the skulls revealed that they were of extreme
age, and the labial edge of the maxillary bone had been eroded
(pi. 30, fig. 2) leaving a good part of the roots unprotected. It is
probable that if this weakened condition develops early in life, the

Fig. 146. a, View from the Ciudad Guzmdn basin to the southwest. Volcan
de Colima in the distance, b, View of basin showing scattered fig trees frequented
by fruit-eating bats, c, Eastern edge of basin showing feeding habitat of Enchis-
thenes harti, Artibeus j. jamaicensis, A. cinereus toltecus, Sturnira lilium parvidens,
and Micronycteris megalotis mexicana.

699

700 FIELD lANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

lateral mastication movements very likely would alter the align-
ment of the teeth and cause them to flare out as in this case (pi.
30, fig. 3).

Enchisthenes harti Thomas. Plate 31.

Artibeus harti Thomas, 1892, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (6), 10: 408.

Enchisthenes harti, Sanborn, 1932, Ann. Carnegie Mus., 21: 179 Venezuela
(skin and skull); Goodwin, 1940, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 1075: 2 Hon-
duras (skin and skull); Ecuador (incomplete skulls from owl pellets);
Goodwin, 1954, Amer. Mus. Nov., no. 1689: 5 Tamaulipas, Mexico
(incomplete skull).

Type locality. Trinidad, British West Indies.

Specimens collected. Total 12 (1 skin with skull, 11 in alcohol).
Jalisco: 2 mi. N. of Ciudad Guzman (8 males, 4 females).

Measurements. Forearm 39.8 (38.2-43.1); greatest length of
skull, of a male and two females 20.4, 20.9, 20.9; condylobasal
length 18.8, 19.0, 19.0; zygomatic breadth 12.1, 12.2, 12.1; mastoid
breadth 10.8, 10.7, 10.6; palatal length 9.0, 9.8, 9.1; postorbital
constriction 5.4, 5.6, 5.3; maxillary tooth row 6.8, 7.0, 6.9; greatest
width across molars 8.4, 8.6, 8.3; length of mandible 13.1, 13.4,
13.9; lower canine to condyle 12.9, 13.2, 13.5; mandibular tooth
row 7.3, 7.5, 7.3.

Remarks. E. harti, previously known from only three complete
specimens, was common in the Ficus groves (fig. 146, c) near
Ciudad Guzman. This village lies in a basin rimmed by the Sierra
Nevada de Colima on the west (fig. 146, b), and by lower, pine
covered hills on the east (fig. 146, c).

The feeding habits of Enchisthenes, judging from the individuals
observed, probably make it a rather easy prey of owls. The fruit eaten
in this area is small, about a centimeter in diameter. It is quickly
snipped from the tree in flight, and carried to a convenient branch
where it is eaten. The forearms are used to handle and turn the
fruit as parts of it are consumed, and it is in these movements that
the exposed bat probably is seen by its predators.

It is interesting to note that E. harti and Sturnira lilium parvidens,
both tropical species, were taken on one occasion when the tem-
perature was only 36 F.

Desmodus rotundus murinus Wagner

D[esmodus] murinus Wagner, 1840, Schreber's Saugth., Suppl., 1: 377.
Type locality. Mexico.

DE LA TORRE: BATS FROM MEXICO 701

Specimens collected. Total 2 (in alcohol). Guerrero: 5 mi. NW.
of Acapulco (1 male, 1 female) .

Measurements. Forearm, male 58.2, female 60.6.

Molossus sinaloae Allen

Molossiis sinaloae Allen, 1906, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 22: 236.

Type locality. Esquinapa, Sinaloa, Mexico.

Specimens collected. Total 9 females (in alcohol). Guerrero:
15 mi. NW. of Acapulco.

Measurements. Forearm 47.9 (46.5-49.8).

Remarks. These specimens were taken under the dry fronds of
a coconut palm.

Miller and Kellogg (1955, U. S. Nat. Mus. Bull. 205: 119) follow
G. M. Allen in regarding sinaloae a race of rufus Geoffroy. M.
sinaloae, however, is a medium size species and is distinct from the
larger M. rufus of which nigricans Miller is the northern race.
M. r. nigricans and M. r. rufus differ only in average size, while
M. sinaloae can always be separated from M. rufus on absolute
characters.

Fieldiana: Zoology, Volume 37

Plate 30

Palate, maxilla and rostrum of Artibeus cinereus toUecus: 1-3, distorted
condition in female of extreme age; 4-6, normal condition in adult female. X 4.

Fieldiana: Zoology, Volume 37

Plate 31

Enchisthenes harti: 1, mandible; 2, ventral surface of skull; 3, dorsal surface
of skull. X 4.

Index

Principal discussion and all new names indicated by bold-faced type.

Abo Formation 389
Abraeinae 605, 610
Abraeus 601

acicularis 620

phyllobius 601

punctiger 624

vividulus 601
abruptum, Platysoma 629
aburri, Aburria 21
Aburria aburri 21
acanthognathus, Lophodolus 299
Acanthotermes 468, 486, 512
Achalinus spinalis 174
acicularis, Abraeus 620

Bacanius 605, 606, 620
Aciculitermes 515
acme, Bulimulus 325
Acorhinotermes 469, 493, 509
Amfus 602, 605

biloculatus 612

caledoniae 605, 607, 612, 614

lilliputianus 612

schmidti 605, 607, 612, 614
actinopterygians 388
Actitis macularia 154
aculeatus, Argyropelecus 275
acuminata, Erolia 154
acunhae, Nesospiza 147, 152

horny palate 151
acutirostris, Calamaria 199
Adioryx 126

Holocentrus 92, 109
Admiral Formation 389
adusta, Nenia 305

tutnens, Nenia 305
aegyptiaca, Tadarida 595
aegyptiacus, Rousettus 595
Aeie/es 620

crenatus 605, 606, 610

daubani 610

iaetns 610

longipes 614

politus 610
aequatorialis, Penelope 17
aequinoctialis, Succinea 305
Afrosubulitermes 515
agilis, Mus 648
Agouti paca 215
Ahamitermes 469, 503, 510
Ailuropoda 44

Aistopoda 531
AA;odon aerosMS 234

berlepschii 231

jelskii 254

pulcherrimus 227
pyrrhotis 228

nigrita 237
akodoni, Amblyopinus 228
alatus, Lampanyctus 289
ai6a, Egretta 153

Monopterus 53, 59

Muraena 59
alberti, Crax 17
albinism, in cracids 19
albiventer, Calamaria 199
albopunctata, Calamaria 199
alidae, Calamaria 200
Allodontermes 473, 513
Allognathotermes 511
alstoni, Neotomodon 547
alticolus, Edrabius 259
amabilis, Argyropelecus 276
amazonicus, Holochilus 659, 667

brasiliensis 667, 669
Ambassis, ecological distribution 81

gymnocephalus 52, 54, 71

interrupta 52flf, 71

ecological distribution 82
food 71, 84

nalua 53, 72

predator of 68
Amblyopininae 21 Iff
Amblyopinini 221
Amblyopinodes 216, 218, 220, 222, 247

claviger 249

gahani 248

peruvianas 250

piceus 248

sitnilis 251

tvdvdssos'i 249
Amblyopinus 212, 214, 216-18, 220, 221

akodoni 228

ancashi 232

angustus 247

bequaerti 247

brandesi 227

chilomysi 239

colombiae 231

emarginatus 239

fuegensis 216, 237

705

706

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

henseli 212, 247
hershkovitzi 238
huilae 242

jelskii 212, 224
kalinowskii 243
kofordi 231

longus 234

marmosae 247

tnonticolus 228

montivagans 240

oryzomysi 240

pacae 244

punae 227

sanborni 238

schmidti 231

spinipennis 234

waterhousei 219, 243
amblyurus, Hemirhamphus 67

Zenarchopterus 52ff, 67
food 67, 84
americanus, Ursus 25
Amitermes 467, 469, 472, 473, 477, 480,
483, 485, 488, 491, 493, 501, 503,
510
Amitermitinae 493, 505, 506, 510, 516,

562
amoenus, Neomyripristis 94
Amphibia, apsidospondylous 388

lepospondylous 388
Amphicynodontinae 44
amplus, Peromyscus difficilis 5^7
Ampullariidae 303

Ampullarius {Ampullarius) bridgesii 304
insularum 304
papyraceus 303

(Limnopomus) crassus 303
nubilus 303
Anabantoidea, ecological distribution

83
Anacanthotermes 473, 482, 509
anale, Scopelarchus 284
Anapleus 601
Anatidae 153

ancashi, Amblyopinus 232
Ancistrotermes 513
andium, Radiodiscus 308
andivaga, Streptaxis 329

Systrophia 308
andoicus, Bulimulus 324
Angelosaurus 395, 398
angouya, Mus 660

Oryzomys 654
angrandi, Bulimulus 315

kalinowskii, Nenia 306

Nenia 306

urubambensis, Nenia 306
Anyui^a borneensis 52ff, 58

ecological distribution 82

food 58, 84

predator of 62
Angularitermes 469, 495, 497, 514
Angulitermes 471, 485, 501, 512

angustus, Amblyopinus 247
anguya, Holochilus 647

Mus ( Holochilus) 648, 660, 666
Anodontostoma chacunda 52, 53, 55
Anomodontia 387, 398

distribution, geographic 390
geologic 390
Anoplogaster cornuta 292
Anoplogastridae 292
Anoplotermes 472, 484, 491, 493, 500,

510
Anthias maculatus 73
apaporiensis, Caiman sclerops 340
Apicotermes 473, 485, 511
Apilitermes 511
Apobletes 628

appendiculata 627

montrouzieri 605, 607, 627
Apocryptes brachypterus 78

riduosus 80
Apoda 531

Apodes, ecological distribution 83
Aporodon 644

appendiculata, Apobletes 627
apraeocularis, Calamaria 200
arborifera, Linophryne 300
Archotermopsis 468, 470, 482, 507, 509
Arctibeus lineatus 409
Arctotherium 25

arenarius, Miniopterus natalensis 595
Argfas 579ff

6oMeii 580, 594, 598

(Chiropterargas) boueti 580

confusus 579, 586, 594, 598

vespertilionis 586, 596, 598
Argasidae 579
argenteus, Diretmus 292
argentimaculata, Sciaena 73
argentimaculatus, Lutianus 54, 55, 73

food 84, 85
argentinus, Edrabius 258
argus, Chaetodon 75

Scatophagus 52, 54, 55, 75
argyromus, Myripristis 136
Argyropelecus aculeatus 275

amabilis 276

hemigymnus 274
Ariidae, ecological distribution 86
Ariophantidae 308
Arms caelatus 64

fenosMs 65
arkansas, Catapleura 377
armatus, Neoniphon 94
Armitermes 495, 514
Arroyo Formation 389

fauna 390flf
artensis, Saprinus 605, 608, 609
arthuri-muelleri, Rugitermes 576
Ariibetts cinereus toltecus 698

/larii 700

jamaicensis jamaicensis 698

vittatus 405

INDEX

707

ascendens, BuUmulus derelidus 317
ascensionis, Holocentrus 93, 100, 106,
122, 134

Perca 100
Asellia tridens tridens 595
assimilis, Carcinops 619
Astronesthes leucopogon 278
Astronesthidae 278
atahualpa, Epiphragmophora 327
atavus, TreUmys 646
ataxus, BuUmulus 320
ater, Lampanyctus 288
atlantica, Evermannella atrata 284
atlanticus, Diogenichthys 286

Tetragonurus 298
Atianfma 158, 159

rogersi 142
Atractaspis 168
Afracitts 168

atradus, Beloholocentrus 95
atrata atlantica, Evermannella 284
atrum, Cyema 291
attenuata, Vinciguerria 273
auritus christiei, Plecotus 595

Reithrodon 646
australasiae, Saprinus 609
Australian region, termite fauna of 470,

476, 508flf
Attsirah'terTwes 469, 477, 503, 515
Autunian fauna 389ff

Bacanius 602, 605

acicularis 605, 606, 620

fauveli 605, 622, 624, 625

hamatus 620

pundiger 605, 606, 622, 624, 625

remingtoni 605, 606, 622, 624

sulcisternus 620
Bagrus nemurus 65
Balantiopteryx plicata plicata 695
6aZ6o, Evermannella 284
balnearum, Holochilus 656, 661, 665

Holochilus brasiliensis 665
Barbodes sealei 62
Barbus elongatus 62
Bartramia longicauda 154
Basidentitermes 512
Bathophilus metallicus 281
Bathylagidae 284
Bathylagus glacialis 284
bathyphila, Lampadena 288
bathyphilum, Gonostoma 272
bats, ticks of 579ff
Beanea 95

trivittata 95
6eani, Serrivomer 291
beccari, Calamaria 200
Belle Plains Formation 389
Beloholocentrus 95

atradus 95
Belone strongylura 66
benjaminsi, Calamaria 200

benoiti, Hygophum 285
Benthodesmus simonyi 298
bequaerti, Amblyopinus 247
berbicensis, Holochilus 661

Holochilus brasiliensis 655, 669
berlepschi, Crypturellus cinereus 15
Beryciformes 121
Beto unimxiculata 53, 54, 70

ecological distribution 82, 86

food 70, 84
bibulbosus, Eustomias 282
bicolor, Calamaria 192, 200
bicornis, Ceratostethus 52, 54fif, 68

Linophryne 300

Neostethus 68
bidentatus, Urotriainus 563, 564
bigelowi, Eustomias 282
bikolana, Vaimosa 79
bikolanus, Pseudogobius 52, 54, 79
biloculatus, Acritus 612
bitaeniatus, Thaumastus 309
bitorques, Calamaria 200
blakfordi, Yarella 272
boa ferox, Stomias 278
boddaerti, Boleophthalmus 55, 80
food 80, 85

GobiMs 80
Boleophthalmus boddaerti 55, 80

food 80, 85
bonapartei, Nothocercus 12
Bonapartia pedialota 269
borneensis, Anguilla 52flf, 58
ecological distribution 82
food 58, 84

Calamaria 177ff, 194, 200

Gastromyzon 64

Neostethus 52, 54ff, 69
Borneo, North, fishes of 47ff
Borneo Zoological Expedition 47flF
boucardi, Crypturellus 16
boueti, Argas 580, 594
6o2/Ki levipes, Peromyscus 545
brachygnathus, Rhinolophus clivosus 595
Brachygobius doriae 52, 77

food 77, 85
brachypterus, Apocryptes 78

Holocentrus 109

Gobiopterus 55, 78
brachyrhynchus, Rhynchichthys 93
brachyura, Calamaria 192, 200
brachyurus, Doryichthys 55, 67

Syngnathus 67
brandesi, Amblyopinus 227
brasiliensis amazonicus, Holochilus 667

balnearum, Holochilus 665

berbicensis, Holochilus 655, 669

brasiliensis, Holochilus 662

guianae, Holochilus 668

Hesperomys (Holochilus) 666

Holochilomy 662

Holochilus 645, 648, 653, 654, 657,
658, 660, 661, 666

708

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

incarum, Holochilus 668
leucogaster, Holochilus 648, 665
Mus 660, 662, 663, 667
nanus, Holochilus 666, 669
vulpinus, Holochilus 661
bratieri, Cyclothone 272
Brazil, shells from 303flf
brevibarbatus, Stomias 279
brevidentatus, Serrivomer 291
bridgesii, Ampullarius 304
bridwelli, Spalacotheroides 690
brooki, Calamaria 179
bruegeli, Calamaria 185, 187
brunnescens, Penelope 17
Bubulcus ibis 153
Imccinatus, Oryzomys 654, 660
Buchen, Walter 140
buchi, Calamaria 195, 200
buckleyi, Odontophorus gujanensis 21
Bulbitermes 481, 514
Buliminus aegyptiacus 429, 432
chondriformis 419
heptodon 429
septemdentalus 422
sexdentatus 436
Bulimulidae 309, 331
Bulimulus acme 325
andoicus 324
angrandi 315
(Atax5) infundibulum 320

infumlibulum umbilicatellus 320
perforatum 320
cereicola 317
culmineus 315
dentritis 319
derelictus 317
eJafus 324
extensus 323
(Geoceras) veruculum 320
(Geopyrgus) turritus 336
hamiltoni 325
infundibulum 320

umbilicatellus 320
jocosensis 322
(Lissoacme) cereicola 317
dentritis 319
derelictus ascendens 317
Tnodestus 318
reconditus 320
rudistriatus 318
scutulatus 319
longitudinalis 316
modestus 318
mutabilis 334
n^TTiorensis 316
obeliscus 322
(Peronaetis) acme 325
andotcus 324
eia<us 324
extensus 323
hamiltoni 325
pupiformis 325

pyrgidium 321

proteiformis 335
proteus 335

(Protoglyptus) rivasii 336
pupiformis 325
pyrgidium 321
reconditus 320
revinctus 316
rivasii 336
rudistriatus 318
(Scutalus) angrandi 315

culmineus 315

longitudinalis 316

mutabilis 334

nemorensis 316

phaeocheilus 334

proteus 335

rerinctus 316

subjvssieui 336

tupacii 316
scutulatus 319

(Spirosulcatus) endospira 336
subjussieui 336
tupacii 316
turritus 336
veruculum 320
Bulimus lamelliferus 434
orwians 422, 438
saulcyi 416
septemdentatus 422
bullisi, Holocentrus 91, 113
bungaroides, Calamaria 200
burtoni, Poliospiza 149

homy palate 151
Bttfis {>u<is 52, 75

gymnopomus 52, 55, 76

food 76, 85
tu/is, Btt/is 52, 75
Cheilodipterus 75

caelatus, Arius 64

Tachysurus 55, 64
food 85
caeruleomaculatus, Chelon 53, 68

Mmj/iJ 68
Caiman sclerops 339

apaporiensis 340
Calamaria 167fif

acutirostris 199

albiventer 199

albopunctata 199

aJtdae 200

apraeocularis 200

beccari 200

benjaminsi 200

bicoior 192, 200

bitorques 200

bomeensis 177fif, 194, 200

brachyura 192, 200

broofct 179

bruegeli 185, 187

buchi 195, 200

INDEX

709

bungaroides 200

ceramensis 200

check list 199fif

collaris 201

crassa 192, 201

curta 191, 201

dentition 173fiF

doderleini 201

doerianense 199, 201

egregia 201

electa 201

cieg-ans 190, 192, 201

everetti 192, 201

food 174

gervaisi 169, 176, 178, 180, 201

iridescens 182
gimletti 196, 199, 201
goringi 202

grabowskyi 178, 189, 202
gracilis 202

gracillima 196, 199, 202
ffrai/i 183, 185, 188
griswoldi 178, 183, 202
hollandi 202
feosei 202
indragirica 202
javanica 202

javanica 202

Hneato 196, 202
yedi 202
joloensis 203
fctossi 203
lateralis 203
lautensis 178, 191, 203
leucocephala 169, 176, 178, 193, 203
leucogaster 169, 176, 179, 203

dentition 172ff
itnnaei 171, 195, 203
iowi 178, 196, 199, 203
lumbricoidea 178, 183, 189, 203

griswoldi 183, 202
lumhoUzi 203
margaritophora 191, 192, 203

gastropicta 204

margaritophora 203
meamsi 204
mecheli 204
melanota 204
mindorensis 204
mjobergi 204
muelleri 192, 204
nuchalis 204
occipitalis 204
ornata 204
pavimentata 193, 204

formosana 205

pavimentata 204
pendleburyi 178, 191, 192, 205
p/e/eri 205
polillensis 205
prakkei 190, 192, 205
quinquetaeniata 205

raveni 205

rebentischi 205

schlegeli 205

schmidti 174, 178, 197, 205

semiannulata 205

septentrionalis 169, 178, 194, 206

simalurensis 189, 190, 192, 206

smithi 206

sondaica 206

specializations of 168flf

stahlknechti 192, 206

suluensis 178, 190, 192, 206

sumatrana 191, 192, 206

tropica 168, 192, 206

ulmeri 206

uniformis 206

ventralis 196, 206

vermiformis 176, 178, 183, 185, 207
{/rai/t 188, 207
vermiformis 187, 207

virgulata 180, 207

zamboangensis 207
calcarifer, Holocentrus 72

La<es 53, 72
food 84
Calcaritermes 472, 490, 492, 498, 508
caledoniae, Acn<tts 605, 607, 612, 614
caledoniae, Sternaulax 605, 607, 626
calosoma, Macrostomias 279
canaliculatus, Drymaeus 314
canalifrons, Prorhinotermes 488
canellinus, Holochilus 647, 661, 666
Canis familiaris, weights of jaw muscles

42
capensis, Eptesicus 595
Capritermes 469, 477, 478, 480, 486, 488,

501, 503, 512
Captorhina 387
Captorhinikos 391
Captorhinoides 391
Captorhinomorpha 386, 399

distribution, geographic 390
geologic 390

Permian evolution 391
Captorhinus 391
caquetae, Ortalis 19
Caranx ignobilis 53, 55, 72

food 73, 84
carapace, of Caretta 374fif

of Lepidochelys 374ff

of Procolpochelys 349
Carbondale Formation 523
carce, Ichthyocampus 54, 55, 67

Syngnathus 67
Carcinops assimilis 619

minuta 618

palans 618

pumilio 605, 608, 616, 619

quattuordecimstriata 616

rubripes 618, 619

tibialis 617

troglodytes 605, 608, 618

710

FIELD lANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Carcinus pumilio 616
Caretta 347, 365

carapace 374flf

caretta 360

plastron 357, 377

scales, head 376

vertebrae 360
Carettini 345fF, 365

plastron 377
Carollia perspicillata 238, 239
Casea 392

halselli 396

nicholsi 396
Caseidae 387, 392, 399
Caseoides 395, 398
Catapleura arkansas 377
caucae, Crypturellus soui 15

Ortalis 19
Caulolepis longidens 292

subulidens 293
caurinus, Reithrodon 646
cavifrons, Constrictotermes 474
Cavitermes 469, 494, 512
Centrobranchus nigro-ocellatum 286
Cephalaspis 449

novaescotiae 454
Cephalofarer 95

Cephalotermes 469, 484, 493, 495, 510
ceramensis, Calamaria 200
Ceratiidae 299

Ceratostethus bicornis 52, 54ff, 68
Ceratotermes 511
cereicola, Bulimulus 317
Ceylonitermellus 469, 515
Ceylonitermes 481, 497, 514
chacarius, Holochilus 655, 656, 663, 665
chacunda, Anodontostoma 52, 53, 55

Clupanodon 55
Chaerephon major 595
Chaetodon argus 75
Chamaepetes goudotii goudotii 21
Chanda nalua 72
chapalmalense, Proreithrodon 646
chatareus, Coins 75

Toxotes 52, 54, 55, 75
food 75, 85
Chauliodontidae 277
Chauliodus danae 277

sloanei 277
chavesi, Lampadena 288
Chelon caeruleomaculatus 53, 68

sp. 54, 68
Chelone grandaeva 345

longiceps 345
Chelonia 366

girundica 366, 378

grandaeva 345

gwinneri 364, 377

wi/das 360, 378

neurals 353

sismondai 366, 378

vertebrae 360

Cheloniidae, limbs 364, 378

phylogeny 363ff

scales, head 376
Cheloniinae, classification 365
Chelonini 366

plastron 377
Chiasmodon niger pluriradiatus 297
Chiasmodontidae 297
Chiasognathe 499
Chilomys sp. 240, 242
chilomysi, Amblyopinus 239
Chilonycteris davyi fulvus 697

parnelli 696

personata 696

psilotis 696

rubiginosa mexicana 696

torrei continentis 696
chionea, Helicina 305
Chiropterargas 579, 580
Chirostomias pliopterus 281
chocoensis, Ortalis 20
chondriformis, Buliminus 419

Jaminia 419

PMpa 419
Chondrula broti 441

^onewi 432, 441

ghilanensis 441

ledereri 441

libanica 423

limbodentata 441

ioitisi 441

Massei 419

michoni 432

septemdentata 422

tricuspidata 441

triticea 441
Chondrulus heptodon 429
Chondrus I'hotellieri 440

ovularis 438

septemdentatus 422, 440
Chondrusa saulcyi impressa 441

septemdentatus 441
Choza Formation 389

fauna 390fif
christiei, Plecotus auritus 595
chrysogaster, Holochilus 661
chrysosoma, Cyprinogobius 52, 77

Lophogobius 77
Cichlherminia 145
cinereiceps, Ortalis 20
dnereus, Crypturellus 15

toltecus, Artibetis 698
Clarias teysmanni 52, 54, 65

ecological distribution 82

food 65, 84
clar omphalos, Epiphragmophora 327
Clausiliidae 305
clausomphalos, Epiphragmophora 327

inferior, Epiphragmophora 327
claviger, Amblyopinodes 249
Clear Fork Group 388flF, 397

fauna of 390

INDEX

711

Climatius 458, 459

clivosus brachygnathus, Rhinolophus 595

Clupanodon chacunda 55

Clyde Formation 389

Coardotermes 473, 481, 486, 487, 489,

501, 514
cocco, Gonichthys 286
Coilia coomansi 54, 57
Coius chatareus 75
collaris, Calamaria 201
colotnbiae, Amblyopinus 231
colombiae, Cryptomorpha 572
Colombian Zoological Expedition
(1948-52) 214, 221

map of collecting stations 11
colonization of Tristan da Cunha 159
Coluber 169
Columbiana, Ortalis 19
columbianus, Crypturellus boucardi 16
comeri, Porphyriornis 142
commersoni, Stolephorus 52, 56

food 56, 84
competition, among termites 474
confusus, Argas 579, 586, 594
connexum, Platysoma 605, 607, 628, 629
Conover, Boardman 9
Constridotermes 469, 481, 496, 497, 514

cavifrons 474

cyphergaster 474
contiguum, Platysoma 629
Convexitermes 497, 515
coomansi, Coilia 54, 57
Coptotermes 468, 469, 472, 478, 483, 484,

488, 493, 509
Coptotermitinae 516
cor, Megaderma 580, 595
cora, Neopdraeus 335

unicolor, Neopdraeus 335
Corica, predator of 80

soborna 52, 54, 57
Cornicapritermes 495, 512
Corniger 96, 122
Cornitermes 473, 495, 514
cornuta, Anoplogaster 292
cornutus, Hoplostethus 292
coruscus, Holocentrus 92, 100, 112
Cotylorhynchus 392, 397ff

hancocki 396

romeri 396
Cotylosauria 386
couesi, Cryptopsaras 299
crassa, Calamaria 192, 201
crassMs, Ampullarius 303
Craa; alberti 17

globulosa 16

rttbra rttira 17
crenatus, Aeldes 605, 606, 610
Crenetermes 511
Crepititermes 494, 512
cretaceus, Neopdraeus 335
Cricetidae 218
Crithagra 147

Crithagroides 147, 148
crossopterygians 388
Cryptommatus jansoni 260
Cryptomorpha colombiae 572
Cryptopsaras couesi 299
Cryptotermes 472, 478, 487, 490, 492, 508

dudleyi 492

havilandi 487
Crypturellus boucardi columbianus 16

cinereus berlepschi 15

soMi caucae 15

undulatus yapura 16
Ctenogobius sp. 55, 77
Ctenomys 215, 216, 220

fulvus 259

magellanicus dicki 237

opimus nigriceps 228, 252, 258

peruanus 254, 259
Cubitermes 485, 511
culmineus, Bulimulus 315
cumanensis, Pipile 21
cuniculoides, Reithrodon 646
Cuniculus taczanowskii 215, 244
cuprarius, Lampanydus 288
cwrto, Calamaria 191, 201
Curvitermes 468, 495, 514
cyaneocupreus, Saprinus 610
cyaneus, Hister 608

Saprinus 605, 608
Cyclothone braueri 272

microdon 272

pallida 272
Cyema atrum 291
Cyemidae 291

Cylindrotermes 469, 493, 510
cyphergaster, Constridermes 474
Cyprinogobius chrysosoma 52, 77
cystops, Rhinopoma hardwickei 595

dalmati, Strepsylla 541

danae, Chauliodus 277

Dangila, spilurus 63

darwini, Holochilus 647, 661, 663, 664

darwiniensis, Mastotermes 468

daubani, Aeletes 610

davisae, Strepsylla 546

dap|/t fulvus, Chilonyderis 697

Pteronotus 697
Dendrophilinae 601, 605, 616
Dendrophilus minutus 618

quattuordecimstriata 616
Dentispicotermes 494, 512
dentition, of Calamaria 173fif

of sigmodont rodents 644ff

of symmetrodont 690
dentritis, Bulimulus 319
derelidus ascendens, Bulimulus 317
Derichthyidae 290
Derichthys serpentina 290
Dermochelyidae 365
Dermogenys, ecological distribution 81,
86

712

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

pusillus 52, 54ff, 66

ecological distribution 82
Desmatodon 391
Desmochelyidae 365
Desmodus murinus 700

rotundus murinus 700
Diadecta 387
Diadedes 387, 391
Diadectidae 387, 399
Diadectomorpha 386

distribution, geographic 390
geologic 390

Permian evolution 391
diaphana, Sternoptyx 277
Diaphus dofleini 286

fulgens 287

gemellari 287

metopoclampus 287
Diasparadus 391
Diatermes 507
diazi, Romerolagus 548
Didelphis albiventris 215, 243, 244

aurita 247

marsupialis 215

paraguayensis 243
difficilis amplus, Peromyscus 547
diluta, Epiphragmophora 327
Dimacrodon 393, 395, 398, 400
Dimetrodon 387, 393, 397

gigashomogenes 392, 397
dinema, Photonedes 282
Dinocyon 44

Diogenichthys atlanticus 286
Dipnoi 388
Diretmidae 292
Diretmus argenteus 292
disjunda, Margrethia 270
distribution, ecological, of fishes 81ff

geographic, fossil reptiles 389ff

vertical, of fishes 269ff
Diversitermes 496, 514
doderleini, Calamaria 201
doerianense, Calamaria 199, 201
dofleini, Diaphus 286
Dolichorhinotermes 469, 493, 509
Dolichosoma 531, 532
Dolichosomatidae 531
doriae, Brachygobius 52, 77
food 77, 85

Gobius 77
dorsalis, Vampyrops 407
Doryichthys brachyurus 55, 67
Drepanotermes 469, 473, 503, 510
Drymaeus canaliculatus 314

eucostnetus 331

interruptus 333

pamplonensis 314

poecilus 332, 333

ponsonbyi 332

schmidti 314

serotinus 313, 332

zilchi 333

dudleyi, Cryptotermes 492
Dunkard Formation 389
dunnei, Nesospiza wilkinsi 152
Duplidentitermes 511
dussumieri, Mugil 53, 68

ebriosus, Neotomys 646

vulturnus, Neotomys 646
Echiostoma tanneri 281
ectoparasitism, in beetles 211
Edaphosauria 387

distribution, geographic 390
geologic 390
Edaphosauria 387
Edaphosauridae 387, 399

evolution in Permian 392
Edaphosaurus 392
Edrabius 216, 218, 220, 254

alticolus 259

argentinus 258

pearsoni 219, 258

peruanus 259

philippianus 212, 215, 254, 255

weiseri 255
Edriolychnus schmidti 299
egregia, Calamaria 201
Egretta alba 153

i/ittia 152
Map/ie 169
elatus, Bulimulus 324
eleda, Calamaria 201
Eledrotermes 507
Electrotermitinae 507
elegans, Calamaria 190, 192, 201

Ptyssophorus 646
Eleotridae, ecological distribution 81-82
Eleotris fusca 52, 76
predator of 78

gymnopomus 76

melanosoma 52, 54, 76
food 76, 85

porocephala 76

urophthalmus 77
Eleutheronema tetradadylum 55

food 85
elongatum, Gonostoma 270
elongatus, Barbus 62
emarginatus, Amblyopinus 239
Emberiza 150

iahapisi, horny palate 151
Emberizinae 149
Enchisthenes harti 700
Endodontidae 308
endospira, Bulimulus 336
Engraulis tri 56
enode, Platysoma 629
Enoplodytia walkeri schmidti 445
ensifer, Holocentrus 92
Eotermes 507
Epierus krujanensis 617

rubripes 618
Epinephalus nebulosus 55, 72

INDEX

713

food 85
Epiphragmophora atahualpa 327

claromphalos 327

clausomphalos 327

diluta 327

(Epiphragmophora) atahualpa 327
claromphalos 327
diluta 327
olssoni 336
patasensis 327

huanucensis 328

olssoni 336

patasensis 327

(Pilsbryna) clausomphalos 327
inferior 327

puntana 328
Eptesicus capensis 595

pusillus 595

tenuipinnis 595
equula, Leiognathus 74
equulus, Leiognathus 52ff, 74
food 74, 85

Scomber 74
eremita, Nesocichla 145
Eremotermes 472, 480, 483, 510
Eretmx)chelys 366

imbricata 376

vertebrae 360
Erolia acuminata 154
erythrocephala, Ornithoctona 21
erythrogaster, Hirundo rustica 155
Ethiopian region, termite fauna of 484,

508flf
Euchiloterm^s 511
Euclastes melii 363, 365, 377
eucosmetus, Drymaeus 331
Eucryptotermes 469, 492, 508
Euhamitermes 495, 510
Eurylister 628
Eurypharyngidae 289
Eurypharynx pelecanoides 289
Eurytermes 468, 493, 510
Euscaiotermes 513
Eustomias bibulbosus 282

bigelowi 282

obscurus 282

schmidti 282
Eutermellus 469, 487, 502, 515
Euxina moesta 433
Evenchelys macrurus 55, 58

food 85
everetti, Calamaria 192, 201

Nematabramis 5SS, 60
ecological distribution 82
food 60, 84, 88
Evermannella atrata atlantica 284

6ai6o 284

indica melanoderma 285
Evermannellidae 284
evolution of cricetine dentition 643

of parasitic staphylinids 216

of rodents 217

of sigmodont dentition 643
extensus, Bulimulus 323

familiaris, Canis 42

Farancia 169

Faremusca 95

fasciola, Idiacanthus 283

Fastigitermes 512

fautini, Strepsylla 546

fauveli, Bacanius 605, 622, 624, 625

ferox, Stomias boa 278

Firmitermes 511

fishes, Bermuda deep sea 265flf

complementary fresh-water 81

of North Borneo 47flf

ecological distribution 8 Iff
food of 84, 87flf

vertical distribution 269ff
Flammeo, Holocentrus 92, 99
flavicans, Oryzomys 657
flaviventris, Serinus 139, 155
Flower Pot Formation 386

fauna of 393ff, 398
fluviatilis, Tetraodon 54, 55, 80

Tetrodon 80
food, of Calamaria 174

of fishes 87ff
Foramitermes 506, 515, 516
forestieri, Paromalus 619

Platylomalus 605, 608, 619
Forficulitermes 511
Formation, geologic, Abo 389

Admiral 389

Arroyo 389ff

Belle Plains 389

Choza 389ff

Clyde 389

Dunkard 389

Flower Pot 389

Hennessey 392

Moran 389

Putnam 389

San Angelo 389

Vale 389fif
formosana, Calamaria pavimentata 205
frantzii, Ortalis 20
Fringillaria tahapisi 150
Fringillinae 149
frontosum, Platysoma 631
Fruticicolidae 327, 336
fuegensis, Amblyopinus 216, 237
fulgens, Diaphus 287
fumosus, Vampyrops 405
/Mr, Termes 474
Furculitermes 511
fusca, Eleotris 52, 76
predator of 78

Poecilia 76
fuscipennis, Nothocercus IS

Gadidae 291

gahani, Amblyopinodes 248

714

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Galea musteloides 254
Galenomys garleppi 254
Gallinula 143

chloropus 143
garrula, Ortalis 20
Gastrocopta (Gastrocopta) wolfii 305
Gastromyzon borneensis 64
gastropicta, Calamaria margaritophora

204
gemellari, Diaphus 287
Gempylidae 298
Genuotermes 494, 512
Geoceras, Bulimulus 320
Geocichla 144
Geomyidae 218
Geopyrgus, Bulimulus 336
Geospiza 148
Genes poeti 53, 74

food 74, 85
gervaisi, Calamaria 169, 176, 178, 180,

201
Gibbotermes 488

gigashomogenes, Dimetrodon 392, 397
gimletti, Calamaria 196, 199, 201
girundica, Chelonia 366, 378
giurus, Glossogobius 52, 55, 78
food 78, 85

GobiMs 78
glacialis, Bathylagus 284
Glarichelys knorri 364, 377
Globitermes 469, 510
globulosa, Crax 16
Glossogobius giurus 52, 55, 78

food 78, 85

predator of 68
Glossophaga soricina leachi 697
Glossotermes 479, 492, 509
Glyptotermes 468, 469, 473, 476-478,

484, 492, 498, 507, 508
Gnathamitermes 469, 472, 473, 491, 510
Gobiidae, ecological distribution 81ff
Gobiopterus brachypterus 55, 78
Gobius boddaerti 80

doriae 77

giurus 78

schlosseri 79

tentacularis 78
Gomphodus 459
Gonichthys cocco 286
Gonionenia, Nenia 308
Goniostomus subhybridus 314
Gonostoma bathyphilum 272

elongatum 270
Gonostomatidae 269
gordoni, Nesocichla 146
Gorgonopsia 387, 397
goringi, Calamaria 202
goudotii, Chamaepetes 21
GoMff/i Island 142ff
goughensis, Nesospiza 148

Rowettia 142

horny palate 151

grabowskyi, Calamaria 178, 189, 202
gracilis, Calamaria 202
gracillima, Calamaria 196, 199, 202
Grallatotermes 477, 478, 481, 486, 487,

501, 503, 514
grandaeva, Chelone 345

Chelonia 345

Procolpochelys 345flf
grandis robustior, Urotriainus 564

Syntermes 564

Urotriainus 564
Granopupa rhodia 429
gratus, Peromyscus truei 548
(/rai/i, Calamaria 183, 185, 188, 207

vermiformis 188, 207
Green Sand 345
griswoldi, Calamaria 178, 183, 202

lumbricoidea 183, 202
guatemalensis, Peromyscus 544, 548
guernei, Photostomias 283
guianae, Holochilus 647, 659, 668
guttata, Ortalis 19
guttatus, Tinamus 12
gwinneri, Chelonia 364, 377
gymnocephalus, Ambassis 52, 54, 71

Lutjanus 71
gymnopomus, Butis 52, 55, 76
food 76, 85

Eleotris 76

Habrocerinae 211

Habroconus (Pseudoguppya) semenlini

308
haedinus, Taphozous perforatus 580
Halacritus 611
halselli, Casea 396
hamatus, Bacanius 620
hamiltoni, Bulimulus 325

Thrissa 56

Thrissocles 53, 56, 58
food 56, 84
Hampala macrolepidota 52, 53, 62

ecological distribution 82

food 62, 84
hancocki, Cotylorhynchus 396
Haptodus 392

hardwickei cy stops, Rhinopoma 595
Harpage 95

rosea 95
fear<i, Ar<i6etts 700

Enchisthenes 700
hasta, Lutjanus 73

Neoniphon 94

Pomadasys 53, 55, 73
food 73, 85
hastatus, Holocentrus 92, 111
havilandi, Cryptotermes 487
Havilanditermes 481, 514
Helicinidae 304
Helicina ( Helidna) chionea 305

peruviana 304
helleri, Vampyrops 411

INDEX

715

Hemicyon 44

hemigymnus, Argyropelecus 274
Hemirhamphus amblyurus 67
hemprichi, Otonyderis 595
Hennessey Formation 392
henseli, Amblyopinus 212, 247
Hershkovitz, Philip 9, 214
hershkovitzi, Amblyopinus 238

hershkovitzi, Tinamus osgoodi 10
Hesperomys 644

{Holochilus) brasiliensis 666
physodes 666
vulpinus 663
physodes 666
russatus 666
squamipes 666
vulpinus 657, 664
Heteromys 218

anomalus 238
Heterotermes 468, 472, 473, 477-479,

483, 484, 490, 493, 499, 509
Heterotermitinae 516
hirtipes, Petalasoma 626
Hirtitermes 481, 514
Hirundo rustica erythrogaster 155
hispidus, Sigmodon 647
Hister, cyaneus 608
wanits 617
troglodytes 618
Histeridae 601ff
Histerinae 605, 626
Hodotermes 473, 484, 502, 509
Hodotermitidae 472, 479, 482, 484, 499,

505-507, 509
Hodotermitinae 516
Hodotermopsis 470, 482, 509
hollandi, Calamaria 202
Holocentridae 91ff, 121fr
auditory bulla 123
opisthotic bone 125
swim bladder 122
Holocentrinae 122
Holocentrum longipinne 100
perlatum 104, 107
osculum 104
produdum 100
riparum 109
rostratum 99
Holocentrus 9 Iff, 121, 122
(Adioryx) 92, 109
bullisi 92
coruscus 92, 100
hastatus 92
ladeoguttatus 92
microstomus 92
pundatissimus 92
suborbitalis 92, 100
<iere 92

vexillarius 92, 100
xantherythrus 92
ascensionis 93, 97, 100, 106, 122ff, 134
Atlantic species 91flf

brachypterus 109
bullisi 91, 97, 113

calcarifer 72
coruscus 97, 100, 112
(Flammeo) 92

Zaens 92, 100

marianus 92

opercularis 92, 100

sammara 92, 100

scythrops 92, 100
hastatus 111
ieo92

marianus 92, 96, 99
maxilla 92
Tweefci 95, 104, 109
osculus 91
punctatissimus 95
pundiculatus 112
m/tts 91, 97, 102, 104, 122
sammara 94
sandipauli 91, 100
(Sargocentron) 92

ensifer 92

ieo92

praslin 92

tieroides 92

spinosissimus 92
sicciferum 95, 109
STyiTiifsT 92

suborbitalis 92, 126, 132
tahiticum 95
tortugae 112
vexillarius 96, 97, 109
Holocheilus 648
Holochilomy brasiliensis 662
Holochilus 639ff, 647, 648, 653
amazonicus 659, 667
anguya 647

balnearum 656, 661, 665
berbicensis 661

brasiliensis 645, 647, 648, 653, 654,
657, 658, 660, 661, 662, 666

amazonicus 667, 669

balnearum 665

berbicensis 655, 669 .

brasiliensis 662

guianae 668

incarum 668

leucogaster 648, 665

nanus 666, 669

venezuelae 670

vulpinus 661, 662
canellinus 647, 661, 666
chacarius 655, 656, 663, 664, 665
chrysogaster 661, 662
darwini 647, 661, 663, 664
guianae 647, 659, 668
incarum 659, 668
leucogaster 647, 661, 666
magnus 640, 644, 648, 653, 654, 657
multannus 647, 661, 663, 664
nanMS 647, 659, 666, 668

716

FIELD lANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

physodes 647, 666

russatus 647, 661

sciureus 647, 659, 661, 662, 666, 667,
669
berbicensis 669

squamipes 647

venezuelae 661, 669, 670

vulpinus 647, 657, 661, 663
Hololepta urvillei 630
Holotrachys 95, 122

lima 95
Homallotermes 469, 512
Hoplognathotermes 468, 485, 511
Hoplostethus cornutus 292
Hoplotermes 469, 493, 510
/losei, Calamaria 202
Hospitalitermes 477, 478, 481, 503, 514
huanucensis, Epiphragmophora 328
huilae, Amblyopinus 242
Hyalorhynchus natalensis 284
hygomi, Hygophum 286
Hygophum benoiti 285

hygomi 286

macrochir 286

reinhardti 285
hylocetes, Peromyscus 548
hyperythrus, Odontophorus 22
hypopius, Rhynchortyx cinclus 22
Hypotermes 513
hypsodonty 644
Hypsolenus 626
Hystricomorpha 217
Hystrichopsyllidae 541

ibis, Bubulcus 153
Ichthyocampus carce 54, 55, 67
Ichthyococcus ovatus 273
Idiacanthidae 283
Idiacanthus fasciola 283
/disier 626

mendax 626

morphon 626
ignobilis, Caranx 53, 55, 72
food 73, 84

Scomber 72
Ilisha kampeni 52fl, 57

food 57, 84
imbricata, Eretmochelys 379
Incania, Nenia 307
incarum, Holochilus 659, 668
brasiliensis 668

Strophocheilus 331
incipiens, Proreithrodon 646
indica melanoderma, Evermannella 285
Indomalayan region, termite fauna of

479, 508ff
indragirica, Calamaria 202
inferior, Epiphragmophora clausom-

phalos 327
infundibulum, Bulimulus 320
infuscus, Vampyrops 405
ingolfianus, Nessorhamphus 291

inquilinus, Termes 474
insularum, Ampullarius 304
interrupta, Ambassis 52flf, 71

food 71, 84
interruptus, Drymaeus 333
iostoma, Porphyrobaphe 331
iridescens, Calamaria gervaisi 182
Isospondyli, ecological distribution 81ff
Ixodoidea 579

jacobus, Myripristis 93
jacquagu, Penelope 18
jaculator, Toxotes 74
jaculatrix, Sciaena 74

Toxotes 54, 74
food 74, 85
jamaicensis, Artibeus 698
Jaminia chondriformis 419

ghilanensis 436

heptodon 423, 429ff

lamellifera 434fif

libanica 429, 432flf, 435

ovularis 423, 438ff

saulcyi 416

septemdentata 421, 422ff, 433

sexdentata 436flf

sulcidens 438fif

tridens 440
jansoni, Myotyphlus 219, 259, 260
javanica, Calamaria 202

lineata, Calamaria 196, 202
yeiZo, Sphyraena 54, 68

food 68, 84
jelskii, Amblyopinus 212, 224

Thaumastus 309
jeudi, Calamaria 202
jocosensis, Bulimulus 322
joloensis, Calamaria 203
jouteli, Kalotermes 576
Jugositermes 511
Julius, Nothocercus 12

kalinowskii, Amblyopinus 243

Nenia angrandi 306
Kalotermes 467, 468, 472, 473, 478, 483,
488, 490, 491, 492, 502, 507, 508

jouteli 576
Kalotermitidae 476, 479, 484, 491,
505-508, 516

introductions 474

termitophiles 563, 575
Kalotermitinae 507
kampeni, Ilisha 52ff, 57
food 57, 84

Pellona 57
Karlschmidtia 327

lentiformis 328
klossi, Calamaria 203
knorri, Glarichelys 364, 377
koefoedi, Searsia 269
kofordi, Amplyopinus 231

INDEX

717

kretamensis, Tetraodon 52, 55, 81

food 81
krujanensis, Epierus 617
kuhli, Pipistrellus 595
Kutaflammeo 95

labecula, Peromyscus maniculatus 548

Labidosaurikos 391

Labidosaurus 391

Labiotermes 495, 514

Labritermes 510

Lacessititermes 481, 514

lacteoguttatus, Holocentrus 92

laetus, Saprinus 609

Jaepe, Platysoma 628

iaem, AeZeies 610

Holocentrus 92, 100
lamellifera, Jaminia 434ff
Lampadena bathyphila 288

chavesi 288

minima 288
Lampanydus alatus 289

a<er 288

cuprarius 288

photothorax 289

pusillus 289

supralateralis 289

taaningi 289
lankesteri, Neostethus 53, 69
lateralis, Calamaria 203
Laies calcarifer 53, 72

food 84
Latisubulitermes 515
lautensis, Calamaria 178, 191, 203
leachi, Glossophaga soricina 697

Monophyllus 697
leathensis, Pteraspis 452
Leiognathus equula 74

equulus 52ff, 74
food 74, 85
lentifortnis, Karlschmidtia 328
Lepidochelys 349, 354, 365

carapace 374ff

neurals 349

olivacea 376

plastron 377

scales, head 376

vertebrae 360
Lepidotermes 511
Lepospondyli 531
Leptocephalus pseudolatissimus 290

roMiei 290

splendens 290
Leptonycteris nivalis nivalis 698
Leuciscus sumatranus 60
leucocephala, Calamaria 169, 176, 178,

193, 203
leucogaster, Calamaria 169, 176, 179, 203
dentition 172fl

Holochilus 647, 661, 666

Holochilus brasiliensis 648, 665

Mtts {Holochilus) 648, 660, 666

Leucopitermes 477, 478, 489, 502, 514
leucopogon, Astronesthes 278
leucops, Subulitermes 502
leucopus, Rhamphoberyx 94
levipes, Peromyscus boylii 545
libanica, Jaminia 432ff
lilium parvidens, Sturnira 700
lilliputianus, Acritus 612
itma, Holotrachys 95
limbs, of Cheloniidae 364, 378
Limnopomus, Ampullarius 303
linearis, Phlegethontia 531
lineata, Calamaria javanica 196, 202
lineatus, Vampyrops 408, 409
linnaei, Calamaria 171, 195, 203
Linophryne arborifera 300

bicornis 300
Lissoacme, Bulimulus 317ff
lobatus, Rhinolophus 595
London Clay 345
longibarbatus, Macrostomias 279
longicauda, Bartramia 154
longicaudatus, Oryzomys 648
longiceps, Chelone 345
longidens, Caulolepis 292
Longipeditermes 469, 481, 514
longipes, Aeletes 614
longipinne, Holocentrum 100
longitudinalis, Bulimulus 316
longus, Amblyopinus 234
Lophodolus acanthognathus 299
Lophogobius chrysosoma 77
iom, Calamaria 178, 196, 199, 203
Loxops 148

lumbricoidea, Calamaria 178, 183, 189,
203

griswoldi, Calamaria 183, 202
lumholtzi, Calamaria 203
lutescens, Mus 648
Lutianus argentimaculatus 54, 55, 73

food 84, 85
Lutjanus gymnocephalus 71

/lasta 73
Lysorophidae 531

Macraster elegans 447
macrochir, Hygophum 286
macrolepidota, Hampala 52, 53, 62

ecological distribution 82

food 62, 84
macrolychnus, Neonesthes 278
macropus, Ophthalmopelton 284
Macrosternus montrouzieri 627
Macrostomias calosoma 279

longibarbatus 279
Macrosubulitermes 503, 515
Macrotermes 473, 484, 486, 507, 513
Macrotermitinae 486, 505, 506, 513, 516
macrurus, Evenchelys 55, 58
food 85

Muraena 58
macularia, Actitis 154

718

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

maculatus, Anthias 73

Pomadasys 53, 73
food 73, 85
magnus, Holochilus 640, 644, 648, 653,

654, 657
major, Chaerephon 595

Opheodrys 174

Tinamus 9
Malacosteidae 283
Malagasitermes 469, 489, 501, 514
Malagasy region, termite fauna of

487ff, 502, 508ff
Manchurodon 692

maniculatus labecula, Peromyscus 548
margaritophora, Calamaria 191, 192, 203

gastropicta 204
marginalis, Rhinotermes 493
Margr^thia disjunda 270

obtusirostra 270
marianus, Holocentrus 92, 96
marmoratus, Odontophorus gujanensis 21
marmosae, Amblyopinus 247
martinica, Porphyrula 153
Mastotermes 476, 490, 498, 507, 508

darwiniensis 468
Mastotermitidae 479, 490, 491, 505-508,

516
maxilla, Holocentrus 92
maximus vestitus, Strophocheilus 309
mazonensis, Phlegethontia 523
mearnsi, Calamaria 204
mecheli, Calamaria 204
meeki, Holocentrus 95, 104, 109
Megaderma cor 580, 595
Megagnathotermes 468, 485, 511
Megalobulimus, Strophocheilus 309
megalophylla, Mormoops 697
megalotis mexicana, Micronycteris 697
Megamblyopinus 212, 215, 216, 218,
222, 251

germaini 254

mniszechi 216, 219, 251
mehelyi, Rhinolophus 595
Melamphaes anthrax 297

microps 296

mizolepis 297

opisthopterus 296

robustus 297
Melamphaidae 296
Melanocetidae 299
Melanocetus murrayi 299
Melanodera 144, 147-149

melanodera 149
horny palate 151
melanoderma, Evermannella indica 285
Melanonus unipennis 291
melanosoma, Eleotris 52, 54, 76
food 76, 85

Ophicephalus 54, 71

ecological distribution 82
food 71, 84
Melanostomiatidae 281

Melanosuchus niger 339
melanota, Calamaria 204
melasoma, Ophicephalus 71
me^M, Euclastes 363, 365, 377
Melursus ur sinus 25
mendax, Idister 626
Metachirus opossum 247
metallicus, Bathophilus 281
Merostichis 656
metopoclampus, Diaphus 287
mexicana, Chilonycteris rubiginosa 696

Micronycteris megalotis 697
Mexico, bats from 695ff
Microborus, Strophocheilus 330
microcephalus, Neonesthes 278
Microcerotermes 467, 469, 472, 473, 478,

480, 483, 485, 488, 493, 507, 510
microdon, Cyclothone 272
Microhodotermes 471, 473, 477, 482, 484,

502, 509
Micronycteris megalotis mexicana 697
microphthalma, Syntermorpha 572
microphyllum, Rhinopoma 595
microps, Melamphaes 296
Microsauria 531
microstomus, Holocentrus 92
Microtermes 473, 486, 489, 501, 513
Milleretidae 392
milloti, Eutermes 501
Mimeutermes 487, 489, 502, 514
mina, Strepsylla 546
mindorensis, Calamaria 204
minima, Lampadena 288
Miniopterus natalensis arenarius 595
minuta, Carcinops 618
minutus, Dendrophilus 618
Miocene Marl 345
Miotermes 507
mira, Ortalis 20
Mirocapritermes 512
mizolepis, Melamphaes 297
mjobergi, Calamaria 204
mniszechi, Megamblyopinus 216, 219,

251
modestus, Bulimulus 318

Zonibyx 154
molesti, Urotriainus 564
molestus, Syntermes 562, 564, 571
Molgophidae 531
Moiosstts rtt/tts nigricans 701

tm/ms rw/ws 701

sinaloae 701
Monopterus alba 53, 59
montagnii, Penelope 18
monticolus, Amblyopinus 228
montivagans, Amblyopinus 240
montrouzieri, Apobletes 605, 607, 627

Macrosternus 627

Platysoma 605, 607, 629
Moran Formation 389
Mormoops megalophylla megalophylla
697

INDEX

719

morphon, Idister 626
Mucrotermes 511
muelleri, Calamaria 192, 204
Mugil caeruleomaculatus 68

dussumieri 53, 68
Mullerister 620
multannus, Holochilus 647, 661, 663

664
Muraena alba 59

macrurus 58
murinus, Desmodus 700

Desmodus rotundus 700
Muroidea 218
murrayi, Melanocetus 299
Mus agiHs 648

angouya 660, 662

brasiliensis 660, 662-664

(Holochilus) anguya 648, 660, 666

( Holochilus) leucogaster 648, 660

lutescens 648

physodes 660, 665

simpsoni 648

vulpinus 660, 662
mutabilis, Bulimulus 334
Myctophidae 285
mydas, Chelonia 360
Myomorpha 217
Myotyphlus 211, 215, 217, 218, 259

iawsoni 219, 259, 260
Myripristinae 122

auditory bulla 124

opisthotic bone 125

swim bladder 123
Myripristis 96

argyromus 136

jacobus 93, 121

occidentalis 93, 121
Mystus nemurus 53flf, 65

ecological distribution 82, 86

food 66, 84

nalua, Ambassis 53, 72

Chanda 72
nanMS, Hister 617

Holochilus 647, 659, 666, 668
brasiliensis 666
Nasutitermes 468, 469, 472, 473, 477,
478, 480, 481, 483, 486, 489, 495,
496, 514
Nasutitermitinae 486, 487, 495, 505,

514, 516, 562
nasutus, Nesiarchus 298
natalensis, arenarius, Miniopterus 595
Hyalorhynchus 284
Rhynchohyalus 284
Na<nx 169

nuchalis 174
Nearctic region, termite fauna of 489,

508ff
nebulosus, Epinephelus 55, 72
food 85

Serranus 72
Nectomys 654, 670

squamipes 249, 653
Nectridia 531
Nematabramis everetti 53fif, 60

ecological distribution 82

food 60, 84, 88

predator of 62
Nemichthyidae 291
Nemichthys scolopaceus 291
nemorensis, Bulimulus 316
nemurus, Bagrus 65

Mi/sitts 53ff, 65

ecological distribution 82, 86
food 66, 84
Nenia angrandi kalinowskii 306
urubambensis 306

(Gonionenia) weyrauchi 308

(Incania) warszewiczi 307

(Neniatracta) adusta 305
tumens 305
Neniatracta, Nenia 305
Neobacanius 620
Neocapritermes 469, 495, 512
Neomyripristis 94

amaentts 94
Neonesthes macrolychnus 278

microcephalus 278
Neoniphon 94

armatus 94

/lasia 94
Neopetraeus cora unicolor 335

cretaceus 335

platycheilus 311

rhodolarynx 311
Neopsyllinae 541
Neostethus bicornis 68

borneensis 52, 54fF, 69

lankesteri 53, 69
Neotermes 467, 468, 470, 472, 478, 483,

490, 492, 498, 507, 508, 576
Neotomodon 644

alstoni 547
Neotomys 639, 640, 644, 645, 646

ebriosus ebriosus 646
vulturnus 646
Neotropical region, termite fauna of

491, 508ff
Nesiarchus nasutus 298
nesiotis, Porphyriornis 143
Nesodchla 144ff

eremita eremita 145

gordoni 146

procax 146
Nesospiza 157, 158
acunhae 147

acunhae 152

horny palate 151

ges<i 152
goughensis 148
unlkinsi 147

dunnei 152

720

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

vnlkinsi 150
Nessorhamphidae 291
Nessorhamphus ingolfianus 291
New Caledonia, Histeridae of 601ff
nicholsi, Casea 396
niger, Melanosuchus 339

pluriradiatus, Chiasmodon 297
nigricans, Molossus rufus 701
nigro-ocellatum, Centrobranchus 286
nimbraria, Vinciguerria 273
Nitiditermes 511
nitiduloides, Saprinus 610
nivalis, Ischnoglossa 698

Leptonyderis 698
Noditermes 511
norvegicus, Rattus 648
Nothocercus bonapartei bonapartei 12

fuscipennis 13

Julius 12

?;ee2Meiensis 14
Notolychnus valdiviae 288
novaescotiae, Cephalaspis 454
novae-scotiae, Pteraspis 452
nubilus, Ampullarius 303
nuchalis, Calamaria 204

Matrix 174
nudiventris, Taphozous 595
Nycteris thebaica 595

obeliscus, Bulimulus 322
obscura, Penelope 18
obscurus, Eustomias 282
obtusirostra, Margrethia 270
Obtusitermes 497, 514
Occasitermes 503, 514
occidentalis, Myripristis 93
occipitalis, Calamaria 204
Occulitermes 503, 515
Odontophorus erythrops parambae 21

gujanensis buckleyi 21
marmoratus 21

hyperythrus 22
Odontotermes 469, 472, 473, 513
olivacea, Lepidochelys 376
olivascens, Sicalis 149

homy palate 151
olivensis, Reithrodon 646
oJssoni, Epiphragmophora 336
onca, Panther a 42
Onchus 458, 459

murchisoni 449
Oneirodidae 299
opercularis, Holocentrus 92, 100
Opheodrys major 174
Ophiacodonta 387

distribution, geographic 390
geologic 390
Ophicephalus melanosoma 54, 71
ecological distribution 82
food 71, 84

m^lasoma 71
Ophiderpeton 531, 532

Ophiderpetonidae 531
Ophiocara porocephala 52, 76
Ophiocephalus melanosoma 71
Ophiotermes 494, 511
Ophthalmopelton macropus 284
opisthopterus, Melamphaes 296
Oriensubulitermes 515
ornata, Calamaria 204
ornatus, Tremarctos 25flf

jaw mechanics 40

mandibular articulation 38

muscles 32

salivary glands 31

skull 26

tongue and oral vestibule 29

vessels and nerves 31
Ornithoctona erythrocephala 21
Ortalis garrula chocoensis 20
garrula 20
mira 20

guttata caucae 19
Columbiana 19
guttata 19
Orthognathotermes 469, 494, 512
Orthotermes 485, 512
Oryzomys 644

albigularis 214, 242

angouya 654

buccinatus 654, 660

flavicans 657

keaysi 239

longicaudatus 654

sp. 251
oryzomysi, Amblyopinus 240
osculus, Holocentrus 91, 104
osgoodi, Tinamus 10
Ostariophysi 127

ecological distribution 82ff
Osteochilus spilurus 53, 63

ecological distribution 82
Ostichthyes 96
Ostichthys 122

trachypoma 123
Otonycteris hemprichi hemprichi 595
ovatus, Ichthyococcus 273
ovularis, Jaminia 438ff
Oxyeleoiris urophthalmus 52, 77

food 77, 85
Oxymycteris judex 249

rw/tts 249
Oxyurichthys tentacularis 55, 78

pacae, Amblyopinus 244

Pachyotus 595

pacificum, Platysoma 605, 607, 629

pacificus, Platylister 629

Palaearctic region, termite fauna of 481,

508ff
Palaeastacus walkeri 445
palans, Carcinops 618
pallida, Cyclothone 272
pamplonensis, Drymaeus 314

INDEX

721

Panthera onca, weights of jaw muscles 42

Pantotheria 689

Papio maimon 44

Papuan region, termite fauna of 477ff,

503, 508ff
papyraceus, Ampullarius 303
Paracapritermes 469, 477, 503, 512
Paracornitermes 468, 473, 487, 495, 502,

514
parallelism 385ff
Paramastus 429

parambae, Odontophorus erythrops 21
Paramyidae 217
Paraneotermes 473, 490, 508
Parapocryptes rictuosus 55, 80

food 80, 85
Parareptilia 387
Parastylotermes 507
Parasubulitermes 515
Pareiasauridae 387, 392, 397flf
parnelli, Chilonycteris 696
Paromalus forestieri 619
pumilio 616

quattuordecimstriata 617
troglodytes 618
Parophiocephalus unimaculata 70
Parotermes 490, 507
Parrhinotermes 478, 500, 509
parvidens, Sturnira lilium 700
Parvitermes 497, 514
patagonicus, Phrygilus 149

horny palate 151
patasensis, Epiphragmophora 327
pavimentata, Calamaria 193, 204

formosana 205

pavimentata 204
Pearson, Oliver P. 215, 252, 254
pearsoni, Edrabius 219, 258
pedialota, Bonapartia 269
pelamidis, Rhynchichthys 93
pelecanoides, Eurypharynx 289
Pellona kampeni 57
Pelycosauria 387, 400

distribution, geographic 390

geologic 390
pendleburyi, Calamaria 178, 191, 192,

205
Pene 429

Penelope montagnii montagnii 18
purpurascens aequatorialis 17

jacquagu 18
Pennsylvanian, Late 387

fauna 390
Perca ascensionis 100

rufa 104, 107
Percesoces, ecological distribution 81-83
Percoidea, ecological distribution 81-83
perforatus, Bulimulus 320

Taphozous 580, 595
Pericapritermes 469, 486, 495, 501, 511
Periophthalmus schlosseri 79

schlosseri 55, 79

variabilis 55, 79
perlatum, Holocentrum 104, 107
Permian fauna 385flf
Peromyscus 644

6oi/iw levipes 545

difficilis amplus 547

guatemalensis 231, 544, 548

hylocetes 548

maniculatus labecula 548

frifei gratus 548
Peronaeus, Bulimulus 321
perroudi, Platysoma 629
personata, Chilonycteris 696
perspicax, Penelope 17
Peru, shells from 304ff
peruanus, Edrabius 259
Peruvian Zoological Expedition (1953)
221, 304ff

(1954) 330ff
peruviana, Helicina 304

Succinea 305
peruvianus, Amblyopinodes 250
peruvianus, Radiodiscus 308
Petalasoma hirtipes 626
pfefferi, Calamaria 205
phaeocheilus, Bulimulus 334
philippianus, Edrabius 212, 215, 254,

255
Phlegethontia 523flf

linearis 531

mazonensis 523flf

serpens 531
Phlegethontidae 524, 531
Photonedes dinema 282
Photostomias guernei 283
photothorax, Lampanydus 289
Phrygilus patagonicus 149

horny palate 151
Phyllostoma lineatum 403, 409
Phyllotis 644

boliviensis 254

darwini 234

sublimus 234
phylogeny of Cheloniidae 363flf
physodes, Hesperomys 666

Holochilus 647, 666

Mms 660, 665

Reithrodon 646
piceus, Amblyopinodes 248
Pilotermes 511

Pilsbryna, Epiphragmophora 327
Pimelodus sagor 64
Pipile cumanensis cumanensis 21
Pipistrellus kuhli kuhli 595
Plaesius 626

Planicapritermes 495, 512
plastron, of Cheloniidae 377

of Procolpochelys 357
platycheilus, Neopetraeus 311
Platylister pacificus 629

urvillei 630
Platylomalus forestieri 605, 608, 619

722

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

saucitis 619

umbilicatus 619

victoriae 619
PlatypsyUus casioris 248
Plat y soma 627

abruptum 629

connexum 605, 607, 628, 629

contiguum 629

enode 629

frontosum 631

Zaepe 628

montrouzieri 605, 607, 629

pacificum 605, 607, 629

perroudi 629

(Platylister) montrouzieri 629
urvillei 630

(PlatysoTna) connexum 628
montrouzieri 629
pacificum 629
MmZiei 630

<furMZm 628

soronense 631

Mmiiei 605, 608, 630

vanum 631
plebius, Polydactylus 55, 70

food 85
Plecotus auritus christiei 595
Plectognathi, ecological distribution 83
Plectrypops 96, 122
Plesiochelyidae 369
plicata, Balantiopteryx 695
pliopt^rus, Chirostomias 281
Pliotermes 507

pluriradiatus, Chiasmodon niger 297
Poecilia fvsca 76
poedlopus, Rhamphoberyx 93
poecilus, Drymaevs 332
j)o<i, Gerres 53, 74

food 74, 85
polillevMs, Calamaria 205
Poliospiza 147

burtoni 149

homy palate 151
polity^, Aeletes 610
Polydactylus plebius 55, 70

food 85
Polynemus tetradactylum 69
Polyporaceae 561
Pomadasys hast a 53, 55, 73
food 73, 85

maculatus 53, 73
food 74, 85
Pomiatu^ olivieri 433
ponsonbyi, Drymaeus 332
popelairianus, Strophocheilus 309
porocephala, Eleotris 76

Ophiocara 52, 76
Porotermes 468, 470, 471, 476, 484, 491,

492, 498, 502, 509
Porotermitinae 516
porphyreu^, Thxiumastus 309
Porphyria 143

Porphyriomis nesiotis comeri 142, 143

nesiotis 143
Porphyrobaphe iostoma 331
Porphyrula 143

martinica 153
Postsubulitermes 515
Potamopyrgus subgradatus 304
poweriae, Vinciguerria 273
prakkei, Calamaria 190, 192, 205
praslin, Holocentrus 92
Proboscitermes 512
Procapritermes 511
procax, Nesocichla 146
Procolophonidae 387, 392, 400
Procolpochelys grandaeva 345ff

carapace 349

phylogeny 363ff

plastron 357

vertebrae 360
Procomitermes 472, 473, 495, 514
Procryptotermes 472, 473, 478, 490, 492,

498, 508
Procubiterms 511
produ4;tum, Holocentrum 100
productus, Termitopteryx 572, 575
Proelectrotermes 507
Profastigitermes 511
Prohamitermes 493, 510
Prokalotermes 507

Promirotermes 469, 485, 486, 494, 512
Proreithrodon 646

chapalmalense 646

incipiens 646
Prorhinotermes 471, 477, 478, 479, 488,
489, 493, 500, 509

canalifrons 488
proteiformis, Bulimuliis 335
Protermes 513
Proterothyris 391
proteus, Bulimulus 335
ProtocaprUermes 503, 511
Protoglyptus, Bulimulus 336
Protohamitermes 468, 480, 510
Protostegidae 365
proximvs, Saprinus 610
Psammosteus cf. anglicus 449
Psammotermes 473, 479, 483, 484, 499,
509

voeltzkowi 488
Psammotermitinae 516
Pseudacanthotermes 486, 513
Pseudocapriterm.es 512
Pseudogobius bikolanus 52, 54, 79

sp. A 55, 79

sp. B 52, 79
Pseudoguppya, Habroconus 308
pseudolatissimus, Leptocephalus 290
Pseudomicrotermes 510
psilotis, Chilonyderis 696
Psittirostra 148
Psophocichla 144
Pteraspis cf. crouchi 449

INDEX

723

leathensis 452

novae-scotiae 452

vogti 452

whitei 450
Pteronotus davyi fulvus 697
Pteryx 562
Ptiliidae 56 Iff

habitat 561

termitophilous adaptations 563
Ptinella 562
Ptyssophorus 646

elegans 646

rotundatus 646
Pugnititermes 511
pumilio, Carcinops 605, 608, 616, 619

Carcinus 616

Paromalus 616
punae, Amblyopinus 227
punciatissimus, Holocentrus 92, 95
puncticulatus, Holocentrus 112
punctiger, Abraeus 624

Bacanius 605, 606, 622, 624, 625
puntana, Epiphragmophora 328
Puntius sealei 52ff, 62

ecological distribution 82

food 62, 84

predator of 62
Pwpa chondriformis 419

michoni 432

septemdentata 422
pupiformis, Bulimulus 325
Puppigerus 345
purpurascens, Penelope 17
pusillus, Dermogenys 52, 54ff, 66

Eptesicus 595

Lampanydus 289
Putnam Formation 389
Pycnopteryx 562, 563, 567

schmidti 562, 567, 570

sp., 572
pyrgidium, Bulimulus 321

Quasitermes 469, 488, 512
quattuordecimstriata, Carcinops 616

Dendrophilus 616

Paromalus 617
Quechua, Thaumastus 331
Quediini 211

querulum, Platysoma 628
questi, Nesospiza acunhae 152
quinquetaeniata, Calamaria 205

radiation, adaptive 388, 399
Radiconus, Radiodiscus 308
Radiodiscus (Radioconus) andium 308

(Radiodiscus) peruvianus 308
Rasbora sumatrana 52ff, 60

ecological distribution 82

food 60, 84, 88
ratada 655ff
rats, marsh 639ff
Rattus norvegicus 648

raent, Calamaria 205
rebentischi, Calamaria 205
recifinus, Vampyrops 413
reconditus, Bulimulus 320
reinhardti, Hygophum 285
Reithrodon 639, 640, 644, 646

auriftts 646

caurinus 646

cuniculoides 646

oiiensis 646

physodes 646

typicus 646
retningtoni, Bacanius 605, 606, 622,

624
reptiles of Permian 385ff

geographic distribution 389
Reticulitermes 470, 471, 483, 489, 490,

507, 509
revinctus, Bulimulus 316
Rhamphoberyx 93

leucopus 94

poecilopus 93
Rhinoberyx 93

chryseus 93
Rhinolophus clivosus brachygnathus 595

lobatus 595

mehelyi 595
Rhinopoma hardwickei cystops 595

microphyllum 595
Rhinotermes 469, 493, 509

marginalis 493
Rhinotermitidae 476, 479, 505-507, 509

introductions 474
Rhinotermitinae 516
rhodolarynx, Neopetraeus 311
Rhynchichthys 93

brachyrhynchus 93

pelamidis 93
Rhynchohyalus natalensis 284
Rhynchortyx cinctus hypopius 22
Rhynchotermes 468, 495, 514
rictuosus, Apocryptes 80

Parapocryptes 55, 80
food 80, 85
ridley turtles 345
riparum, Holocentrum 109
rivasii, Bulimulus 336
robustior, Urotriainus grandis 564
robustus, Melamphaes 297
rodents, cricetine 639
dentition 643ff

sigmodont 639ff, 646
dentition 643
skull 640
rogersi, Atlantisia 142
romeri, Cotylorhynchus 396
Romeria 391
Romerolagus diazi 548
rosea, Harpage 95
rostratum, Holocentrum 99
Rostrotermes 511
i2o<Ma 393, 398

724

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Rotunditermes 496, 514
rotundus murinus, Desmodus 700
roulei, Leptocephalus 290
Rousettus aegyptiacus aegyptiacus 595
Rowettia 144, 147-150, 158

goughensis 142
homy palate 151
rubiginosa, Chilonyderis 696

mexicana, Chilonycteris 696
rubra, Crax 17

Sciaena 104
rubripes, Carcinops 618, 619

Epierus 618
rudistriatus, Bulimulus 318
rM/a, Perm 104, 107
ruficeps, Tinamus major 10
rufus, Holocentrus 91, 102, 104, 122ff

Molossus 701
Rugitermes 477, 478, 491, 492, 498, 508

arthuri-muelleri 576
ruppelU, Tadarida teniotis 595
russatus, Hesperomys 666

Holochilus 647, 661

sagor, Pimelodus 64

Tachysurus 55, 64
food 85
sammara, Holocentrus 92, 94, 100
San Angelo Formation 385

fauna of 393flf, 398
sanborni, Amblyopinus 238
sanctipauli, Holocentrus 91, 100
Saprininae 605, 608
Saprinus artensis 605, 608, 609

australasiae 609

cyaneocupreus 610

cyaneus 605, 608

iaeftts 609

nitiduloides 610

proximus 610

speciosus 609

subnitidus 605, 608, 610

tasmanicus 609
Sargocentron, Holocentrus 92
saturatus, Tinamus major 9
saucius, Platylomalus 619
saulcyi, Bulimus 416

Jaminia 416
scales, head, in Cheloniidae 376
Scatophagus argus 52, 54, 55, 75
Schedorhinotermes 469, 478, 479, 484,

493, 500, 509
schlegeli, Calamaria 205
schlosseri, Gobius 79

Periophthalmus 79
schlosseri 55, 79
schmidti, Amitts 605, 607, 612, 614

Calamaria 174, 178, 197, 205

Drymaeus 314

Enoploclytia walkeri 445

Pycnopteryx 562, 567, 570

Strepsylla 544

Thaumastus 309
schmidti, Edriolychnus 299

Eustomias 282
scholvienia, Thaumastus 309
Sciaena argentimaculata 73

jaculatrix 74

rubra 104
sciureus berbicensis, Holochilus 669

Holochilus 647, 659, 661, 666, 667, 669
Sciuromorpha 217
sclerops apaporiensis. Caiman 340

Caiman 339
scolodonta, Streptaxis 329
scolopaceus, Nemichthys 291
Scomber equulus 74

ignobilis 72
Scopelarchidae 284
Scopelarchus anale 284
Scutalus, Bulimulus 315ff, 334
scutulatus, Bulimulus 319
scythrops, Holocentrus 92, 100
sealei, Barbodes 62

Puntius 52ff, 62
ecological distribution 82
food 62, 84
Searsia koefoedi 269
Searsidae 269
semenlini, Habroconus 308
semiannulata, Calamaria 205
septemdentata, Jaminia 421, 422ff
septentrionalis, Calamaria 169, 178,

194, 206
Serinus 147

flaviventris 139, 155

sulphuratus 149
horny palate 151
serotinus, Drymaeus 313, 332
serpens,' Phlegethontia 531
serpentina, Derichthys 290
Serranus nebulosus 72
ScTvitcTTiXcs 5XS

Serritermitinae 497, 505, 506, 515, 516
Serrivomer beani 291

brevidentatus 291
Serrivomeridae 291
sexdentata, Jaminia 436ff
sharks, xenacanth 388
Sicalis olivascens 149
horny palate 151
sicciferum, Holocentrus 95, 109
Sigmodon 639, 640, 644, 645, 647, 648,
652, 653

hispidus 647

vulpinus 657
Sigmomys 647
Silvestritermes 515
simalurensis, Calamaria 189, 190, 192,

206
similis, Amblyopinodes 251
simonyi, Benthodesmus 298
simpsoni, Mus 648
sinaloae, Molossus 700

INDEX

725

Siphonaptera 541
sismondai, Chelonia 366, 378
sloanei, Chauliodus 277
smithi, Calamaria 206
snyderi, Syntermes 562, 570, 572
soborna, Corica 52, 54, 57
Solenichthyes, ecological distribution 83
sondaica, Calamaria 206
soricina leachi, Glossophaga 697
soronense, Platysoma 631
soui, Crypturellus 15
Spalacotheriidae 689
Spalacotherium 690, 692
Spalacotheroides 690, 692

bridwelli 690
dentition 690ff
specialization, in Calamaria 168
speciosus, Saprinus 609
Speculitermes 480, 493, 500, 510, 567

termitophiles of 562
Sphaerotermes 513
Sphenacodon 392
Sphenacodontia 387

distribution, geographic 390
geologic 390
Sphyraena jello 54, 68

food 68, 84
Spicotermes 494, 511
spilurus, Dangila 63

Osteochilus 53, 63

ecological distribution 82
spinalis, Achalinus 174
spinifer, Holocentrus 92
spinipennis, Amblyopinus 234
Spinitermes 485, 494, 511
spinosissimus, Holocentrus 92
Spinus 147

spinus 149

homy palate 151
Spirosulcatus, Bulimulus 336
splendens, Leptocephalus 290
squamipes, Hesperomys 666

Holochilus 647

Nedomys 653
stahlknechti, Calamaria 192, 206
Staphylininae 211, 221
Stegocephali 531
Stephanian fauna 389fif
Steppesaurus 393, 397ff
Sternaulax 605, 626

caledoniae 605, 607, 626

zealandica 626
Stemoptychidae 274

vertical distribution 275
Sternoptyx diaphana 277
Stolephorus commersoni 52, 56
food 56, 84

<n 54, 56
food 84
Stolotermes 468, 470, 471, 476, 484, 498,
502, 509

Stolotermitinae 516
Stomias boa ferox 278

brevibarbatus 279
Stomiatidae 278
Strepsylla 54 Iff

daltnati 541

davisae 546

fautini 546

mina 541

schmidti 544

taluna 546

villai 546
Streptaxidae 329

Streptaxis (Scolodonta) andivaga 329
strongylura, Belone 66
strongylurus, Tylosurus 53, 66

food 84
Strophocheilidae 309, 330
Strophocheilus incarum 331

maximus vestitus 309

(Microbortts) tenuis 330

popelairianus 309

tenuis 330
Sturnira lilium parvidens 700
styani, Trirhinopholis 174
Stylotermes 509
Stylo termitinae 516
subgradatus, Potamopyrgus 304
subhybridus, Goniostomus 314
subjussieui, Bulimulus 336
subnitidus, Saprinus 605, 608, 610
suborbitalis, Holocentrus 92, 100, 126,

132
subulidens, Caulolepis 293
Subulitermes 469, 481, 487, 489, 496,
497, 502, 515

leucops 502

undecimus 502
Succinea aequinoctialis 305

peruviana 305
Succineidae 305
sulcidens, Jaminia 438fif
sulcisternus, Bacanius 620
sulphuratus, Serinus 149

horny palate 151
sttittensts, Calamaria 178, 190, 192, 206
sumatrana, Calamaria 191, 192, 206

Rasbora 52ff, 60
ecological distribution 82
food 60, 84, 88
sumatranus, Leuciscus 60
supralateralis, Lampanyctus 289
Symmetrodonta 689
Sympholis 168

Synacanthoterms 468, 473, 513
Synapsida 387
Synbranchoidea, ecological distribution

83
Synentognathi, ecological distribution

83
Syngnathus brachyurus 67

carce 67

726

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Synhamitermes 510
Syntermes 468, 473, 495, 514

grandis 564

molestus 562, 564, 571

snyderi 562, 570

termitophiles of 561
Syntermorpha microphthalma 572
Systrophia (Systrophiella) andivaga 308
Systrophiella, Systrophia 308
Systrophiidae 308

taaningi, Lampanydus 289
Tachysurus caelatus 55, 64
food 85
sagor 55, 64

food 85
venosus 55, 65
food 84
Tadarida aegyptiaca aegyptiaca 595

teniotis ruppelli 595
tahapisi, Emberiza, horny palate 151
tahiticum, Holocentrus 95
taluna, Strepsylla 546, 547
tanneri, Echiostoma 281
Taphozous nudiventris 595
perforatus 580
haedinus 580, 595
perforatus 595
Tapinocephalia 387, 393, 397
Tappenosaurus 395, 397
Tarditermes 515
tasmanicus, Saprinus 609
teniotis ruppelli, Tadarida 595
tentacular is, Gobius 78
Oxyurichthys 55, 78
tenuipinnis, Eptesicus 595
Tenuirostritermes 472, 481, 491, 496,

497, 514
tenuis, Strophocheilus 330
TerTwes 468, 469, 473, 477, 478, 480,
485, 488, 494, 507, 512
/r 474
inquilinus 474
termites, zoogeography 465ff
Termitidae 479, 505-507, 510-512
Termitinae 485, 487, 494, 505, 506, 511,

512, 516
Termitogeton 509
Termitogetoninae 516
termitophiles, of Kalotermitidae 563
of Speculitermes 562
of Syntermes 561, 562
Termitopteryx 563, 572
productus 572, 575
sp. 576
Termopsinae 482, 516
Termopsis 482, 507
tetradadylum, Eleutheronema 55, 69
food 85
Polynemus 69
Tetragonuridae 298
Tetragonurus atlanticus 298

Tetraodon, ecological distribution 81, 86

fluviatilis 54, 55, 80

ecological distribution 82
food 80, 85

kretamensis 52, 55, 81
ecological distribution 82
food 81, 85
Tetrodon fluviatilis 80
teysmanni, Clarias 52, 54, 65

ecological distribution 82

food 65, 84
Thaptomys nigrita 249
Thaumastus bitaeniatus 309

conspicuus 331

jelskii 309

porphyreus 309

(Quechua) conspicuus 331

schmidti 309
thebaica, Nycteris 595
Thecophora 368
Therapsida 387, 392, 400

distribution, geographic 390
geologic 390

origin 388
Theria 689
Theriodonta 387, 397

distribution, geographic 390
geologic 390

origin 388
Therocephalia 387, 397
Thomasomys 232, 644

aureus nicefori 232

laniger 239
Thoracotermes 511
Thrissa hamiltoni 56
Thrissocles hamiltoni 53, 56, 58

food 56, 84
Thrysidium 532
thula, Egretta 152
Thyreoxenus 478
tibetanus, Ursus 26ff
tibialis, Carcinops 617
ticks 579flf
tiere, Holocentrus 92
Tinamus guttatus 12

major saturatus 9

osgoodi hershkovitzi 10
Tinodon 692
Titanosuchia 387, 393, 397

origin 388
tolteca, Stenoderma 698
toltecus, Artibeus cinereus 698
torrei continentis, Chilonycteris 696
tortugae, Holocentrus 112
Toxochelyidae 365

plastron 377
Toxotes

chatareus 52, 54, 55, 75
food 75, 85

jaculator 74

jaculatrix 54, 74
food 74, 85

INDEX

727

Traquairaspis 449
travassosi, Amblyopinodes 249
Tremardos ornatus 25flf

jaw mechanics 40

mandibular articulation 38

muscles 32

salivary glands 31

skull 26

tongue and oral vestibule 29

vessels and nerves 31
Tremarctotherium 25
Tretomys atavus 646
tri, Engraulis 56

Stolephorus 54, 56

food 57
Tribalinae 601
Tribalus 601
Trichiuridae 298
Trichopterygidae 561
Trichotermes 511
tridens, Asellia 595

Trinervitermes 473, 481, 486, 501, 514
Trinity Sand Formation 689
tripunctulatus, Valenciennellus 274
Trirhinopholis styani 174
Tristan da Cunha, land birds of 139fif
trivittata, Beanea 95
troglodytes, Carcinops 605, 608, 618

Hister 618

Paromalus 618
tropica, Calamaria 168, 192, 206
truei gratus, Peromyscus 548
Tuberculitermes 494, 511
tutnens, Nenia (Neniatrada) adusta

305
Tumulitermes 469, 477, 503, 514
tupacii, Bulimulus 316
T Urdus 144

turritus, Bulimulus 336
turtles, carettine 345fif

loggerhead 345

ridley 345
Tylosurus strongylurus 53, 66

food 84
Typhlogeophis 168
typicus, Reithrodon 646

ulmeri, Calamaria 206
Ulmeriella 482, 490, 499, 507
umbilicatellus, Bulimulus infundibulum

320
umbilicatus, Platylomalus 619
umbratus, Vampyrops 408
undecimus, Subuliterm^s 502
undulatus, Crypturellus 16
Unguitermes 511
unicolor, Neopetraeus cora 335
uniformis, Calamaria 206
unim^culata, Betta 53, 54, 70

ecological distribution 82, 86

food 70, 84
Parophiocephalus 70

unipennis, Melanonus 291
Uraloterms 507
Uralotermitidae 506, 507
Urodela 531
urophthalmus, Eleotris 77

Oxyeleotris 52, 77
food 77, 85
Urotriainus 561-563, 564, 567

bidentatus 563, 564

grandis 564
robustior 564

molesti 564
ursinus, Melursus 25
Ursus americanus 25

tibetanus 26flf
urubambensis, Nenia angrandi 306
urvillei, Hololepta 630

Platylister 630

Platysoma 605, 608, 630

Vaimosa bikolana 79
valdiviae, Notolychnus 288
Vale Formation 389

fauna 390flf
Valenciennellus tripunctulatus 274
Vampyrops 403

dorsalis 407

fumosus 405

helleri 411

infuscus 405

lineatus 408, 409, 411

redfinus 413

umbratus 408

vittatus 405

zarhinus 411
vanum, Platysoma 631
variabilis, Periophthalmus 55, 79
Velocitermes 469, 496, 514
venezuelae, Holochilus 661, 669, 670

brasiliensis 670
venezuelensis, Nothocercus 14
penosMS, Arms 65

Tachysurus 55, 65
food 84
ventralis, Calamaria 196, 206
vermiformis, Calamaria 176, 178, 183,
185, 207
vermiformis 187, 207

grayi, Calamaria 207
Verrucositermes 515
vertebrae, of Caretta caretta 360

of Chelonia my das 360

of Eretmochelys 360

of Lepidochelys 360

of Procolpochelys 360
Vertiginidae 305
veruculum, Bulimulus 320
vespertilionis, Argas 586, 596, 598
vestitus, Strophocheilus maximus 309
vexillarius, Holocentrus 92, 96, 100, 109
victoriae, Platylomalus 619
villai, Strepsylla 546

728

FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, VOLUME 37

Vincigiierria attenuata 273

nimbraria 273

poweriae 273
virgulata, Calamaria 180, 207
vittatus, Vampyrops 405
voeltzkoioi, Psammotermes 488
vogti, Pteraspis 452
vulpinus, Hesperomys 657, 664

Holochilus 647, 657, 661, 663

Holochihis brasiliensis 661, 662

Mils 660

Sigmodon 657, 668

warszewiczi, Nenia 307
waterhousei, Amhlyopinus 219, 243
weiseri, Edrabius 255
weyrauchi, Nenia 308
whitei, Pteraspis 450
Wichita Group 389
fauna 390

wilkinsi, Nesospiza 147, 150
Winteriidae 284

xantherythrus, Holocentrtis 92

yapura, Crypturellus undulatus 16
FareHa blakfordi 272

zamboangensis, Calamaria 207
zealandica, Sternaulax 626
Zenarchopterus amblyurus 52flf, 67

food 67, 84
zilchi, Drymaeus 333
Zonibyx modestus 154
zoogeography, of New Caledonia His-
teridae 605flf

of termites 465ff
Zootermopsis 489, 490, 507, 509
Zoothera 144